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1. In which year did the Malabar naval exercise, a bilateral naval exercise between India and the US Navy, first begin?
The Malabar naval exercise has evolved significantly since its inception. Starting as a bilateral exercise between India and the US in 1992, it expanded to include Japan in 2015 and Australia in 2020, becoming a quadrilateral naval exercise. The exercise aims to promote cooperation and coordination among participating navies for a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific. Held annually, the Malabar Exercise alternates between the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans, featuring diverse activities such as fighter combat and maritime interdiction operations. Its growth reflects the increasing importance of the Indian Ocean Region and Indo-Pacific Region in global security and economic stability.