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1. Which country introduced the 'One Person, One File' (OPOF) program, aiming to compile detailed personal data files on every resident?
China has implemented the 'One Person, One File' (OPOF) program, which aims to compile comprehensive personal data files on each resident. This initiative significantly expands the use of facial recognition cameras and utilizes AI to identify potential "threats," often misinterpreting harmless behaviour as subversive. The implementation of OPOF has raised concerns regarding privacy violations and digital discrimination, particularly evident in its targeting of Uyghurs and religious groups under ideological pretexts.