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1. Which country successfully launched its second satellite this year, advancing its aerospace program?
Iran took a significant step forward in its aerospace program by launching the Chamran-1 research satellite into orbit, its second successful satellite launch this year. The satellite was carried by the Ghaem-100 carrier rocket, manufactured by the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). This launch demonstrates Iran's progress in advancing its orbital manoeuvring technology and solid-fuel satellite launching capabilities. Notably, Iran achieved another milestone earlier this year by sending a satellite into an orbit above 500 km using the Ghaem-100 carrier.