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1. With which country has Indian Railways renewed its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for advanced infrastructure modernization?
Indian Railways has renewed its MoU with Switzerland's Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC) to enhance railway infrastructure, technology sharing, and operational efficiency. This partnership, initiated in 2017, focuses on key areas such as track maintenance, station modernization, multimodal transport solutions, and tunnelling. The collaboration aims to leverage Swiss expertise in railway technology to support India's modernization goals, improving overall efficiency and passenger experience. The renewed MoU received backing from India's Ministry of Railways and Ministry of External Affairs.