Home > Practice > Arithmetic Aptitude > Profit & Loss > Miscellaneous
21. A merchant has announced 25% rebate on prices of ready-made garments at the time of sale. If a purchaser needs to have a rebate of Rs. 400, then how many shirts, each costing Rs. 320, should he purchase?

Discuss
Solution:
Discount on one shirt,
= 25% of 320 = 320×25100  = Rs. 80
Hence, number of shirt he must buy to get a rebate of Rs. 400 = 40080 = 5
22. A reduction of 10% in the price of tea enables a dealer to purchase 25 kg more tea for Rs. 22500. What is the reduced price per kg of tea?

Discuss
Solution:
1stMethod:LettheoriginalprineofteabeRs.xkgAfter reduction the price becomes=x−10%ofx=9x10per kgNow,225009x10−22500x=25or,22500[109x−1x]=25or,25×9x=22500or,x=2250025×9=Rs.100Hence,newprice=90perkg
Thoughtprocessmethod:Let the original price be Rs. 100 per kg,He get tea=22500100=225kgAfter reduction the price becomes= 90 per kgHegettea=2250090=250kgSo, reduction price is  Rs. 90 per kgAs it enables him to buy 25 kg of more tea.
23. A sells an article to B at gain of 25% B sells it to C at a gain of 20% and C sells it to D at a gain 10%. If D pays Rs. 330 for it, how much did it cost to A?

Discuss
Solution:
First Method
Let Cost Price for A was 100
Then CP for B = 100 + 25% of 100 = 125
CP for C = 125 + 20% of 125 = 150
CP for D = 150 + 10% of 150 = 165
But, D pay Rs. 330, Then it must be equal to
165 = 330
1 = 330165
100 = 330×100165=200
Thus, CP for A = Rs. 200

Short-cut
A's CP = 330×100125×100120×100110     = Rs. 200
24. I sold two watches for Rs. 300 each, one at loss of 20% and other at the profit of 20%. What is the percentage of loss (-) or profit (+) that resulted from the transaction?

Discuss
Solution:
In such cases, always loss occurs. It can be calculated by this formula,
=(loss or gain percentage)2100=4
That is 4% of loss

Graphic Change method
100 == 20%(loss) ⇒ 120 == 20%(gain) ⇒ 96
% Loss = 4%
25. A shopkeeper wishes to give 5% commission on the marked price of an article but also wants to earn a profit of 10%. If his cost price is Rs. 95, then marked price is:

Discuss
Solution:
CP = Rs. 95.
Then SP = 95 + 10% of 95 = Rs. 104.5
Let MP = X. He gives 5% commission on MP.
So,
SP = X - 5% of X
SP = 0.95X
104.5 = 0.95X
X = 104.50.95=100
Thus, MP = Rs. 110

Short-cut
95 == 10%(gain) ⇒ 104.5 == 5%(Commission) ⇒ 109.72 (= 110)
26. Two successive discount of 10% and 20% are equivalent to a single discount of:

Discuss
Solution:
Use Formula,
Equivalent Discount = (A + B) - AB100 where A = First Discount, B =Second Discount.
Equivalent Discount = (20 + 10) - 20×10100
Equivalent Discount = 30 - 2 = 28%

Graphic Change Method
100 == 20%(disc.) ⇒ 80 == 10%(disc.) ⇒ 72
Equivalent discount = 28%
27. A dealer allows his customer a discount of 25% and still gains 25%. If cost price of a radio is Rs. 1440, its marked price is:

Discuss
Solution:
Let MP = X
CP = 1440
SP = 1440 + 25% of 1440 = Rs. 1800
SP = MP - 25% of MP
SP = X - 25% of 100
SP = X - 0.25X
1800 = 0.75X
X = 2400
MP = Rs. 2400

Short-Cut
Let the marked price = Rs. x
Hence,
75×x100=1440×125100
⇒ 1440×12575  = Rs. 2400
28. The selling price of an article after giving two successive discounts of 10% and 5% on the marked price is Rs. 171. What is the marked price?

Discuss
Solution:
Equivalent Discount,
=(A + B) - AB100
= (10 + 5) - 10×5100
= 14.5%
Let MP = X
Now,
X - 14.5% of X = 171(Selling Price)
0.855X = 171
X = 200
Hence, MP = Rs. 200

Going through options,
200(MP) == 10%(disc.) ⇒ 180 == 5%(disc.) ⇒ 171(CP)
29. A man purchased some fruits for Rs. 1000. He sold few fruits worth 400 at 10% profit. At what profit per cent, must he sell the rest in order to gain 20% on the whole?

Discuss
Solution:
To get 20% profit on whole,
1000(CP) ⇒ 20%(gain) ⇒ 1200(SP)
Total Profit = 1200 - 1000 = Rs. 200
400 ⇒ 10%(gain) ⇒ 440
He gets Rs. 40 profit on 400
Rest Profit = 200 - 40 = 160
Then he must get Rs. 160 as profit on Rs. 600
Hence, % profit
= 160×100600
= 803
= 2623%
30. A dealer offers a cash discount of 20% and still makes a profit of 20%, when he further allows 16 articles to a dozen to a particularly sticky bargainer. How much percent above the cost price were his wares listed?

Discuss
Solution:
Let the CP of the article be Rs. x, since he earns a profit of 20%, hence SP = X + 20% of X = 1.2x
It is given that he incurs loss by selling 16 articles at the cost of 12 articles [loss = 16−1216  = 25%]
His selling price = SP - 25% of SP = SP × 0.75
Hence, SP × 0.75 = 1.2X
Or, SP = 1.2×x0.75  = 1.6X
This SP is arrived after giving a discount of 20% on MP.
Let MP = Y
Y - 20% of Y = SP
0.80Y = 1.6X
Y = 2X
It means that the article has been marked 100% above the cost price. Or Marked Price was twice of cost price.

Previous

Next